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Where is the "South Sudan"? The battle map

Ethnic composition

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In 2005 the government of Khartoum and the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) signed the Naivasha Agreement, a peace agreement ending the twenty second Sudanese civil war (1983-2005, approximately 2,000,000 deaths).

The agreement provided the granting of 'broad autonomy to South Sudan (representing approximately 30% of the country is predominantly Christian and animist) in a federation, the mutual commitment to develop cooperation and North-South divide resources equitably Sudanese and the referendum in programma a time when the southern Sudan could choose whether to remain independent in a federal or declare themselves independent (it is uncertain whether "South Sudan" will be the name of the new state). These days we are witnessing the conduct of the referendum whose outcome most likely will favor independence.

Although this referendum and the eventual independence of the South represent the culmination of the peace process begun in 2005, it is said that this will lead to greater hope for peace in the country.

Geographically arise where the independent state of Southern Sudan? You may have noticed that nell'accennare the content of the peace agreement of 2005, was not mentioned in the definition of the boundaries between the future state of the North and the South The respective governments in Khartoum and Juba in the last five years have failed to reach an agreement on the demarcation line that should exist between the two states where the outcome of the referendum should establish the independence of South Bel this problem especially if you consider that claim in his "Border Town" South guidance identifies the location of the limes on a strip of land full of oil hot spots of strategic importance to the central government, and historical points of friction between the factions of the country.

The Abyei area is such one of the areas at highest risk of conflict. The Treaty of 2005 stipulated that a second referendum would be held separate from the face to declare independence for the membership of Abyei. This referendum has been postponed indefinitely because of problems related to the electorate. Roccaforte solid ally of ethnic Dinka of Southern Sudan, Abyei is a destination during the dry season migration of Messeri, a nomadic tribe that sided with Khartoum in the second civil war in Sudan, has historically been in conflict with the Dinka ethnic group for control of the territory. According to the law Messeri not entitled to participate in the referendum on Abyei and fear that it becomes permanently part of the South attempts to mediate between the government in Khartoum and Juba that until now have not produced any positive results, the last clash in the summer of 2008 devastated the town of Abyei and generated a horde of 60,000 displaced persons.

to this powder is then added a second level that calls into play the interests of the Great Powers. China and USA have contributed so far (along with some Arab countries and Europeans) to arm respectively Khartoum and Juba. With the help of the North China military forces were also trained in guerrilla tactics, the U.S. contribution to the forces of the South has allowed irregular bands of rebels to become something more like an army.

Sudan is a new oil producer and the scene of a massive Chinese presence in this area. In Within a few years, China has firmly planted its roots in Sudan. Today the company of China National Petroleum (CNPC) owns large pieces of capital in major oil consortiums in Sudan or 40% stake in Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC), 40% of the Petrodar Operating Company (pDoc) and 35% of the Red Sea Petroleum Operating Company (RSPOC), as well as significant shares in joint-venture company and 95% of the Chinese company CNPC allocated directly on the territory of Sudan. The same 1400 km pipeline connecting the Melut Basin to the terminal at Port Sudan, made by Chinese companies. Areas operational consortia GNPOC, pDoc CNPCIS and are just in the band contest between North and South over which it must cross the border between the two countries.

E 'was also noticed that the line could become the new fault line between Arab and black Africa, some is that if contextualized in the turbulent geopolitical situation in Sudan, this new frontier as it seems destined to spark renewal in a warehouse of explosives.

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