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| Il mondo del crescente e della stella |
Il simbolo del crescente (Or crescent) and the star is in the group of the most important and distinctive emblems of Islam at least since 1453, when Sultan Mehmet II, after the conquest of Constantinople, made the symbols of the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic religion. Unfortunately for the Turks, would not be fair to say that primarily the Ottoman Empire as a symbol is born, it seems, rather, that the Turks have embraced the crescent already widespread and used as a symbol of Byzantium, and even pre-Islamic origins. The many stories that tell of those origins variegatamente giving it completely to the Ottoman Empire, not surprisingly of course always have a mythical and legendary. The most famous of these tells that the first sultan Ottoman, Osman, dreamed of seeing a crescent uscirgli from the chest and grow more and more, to expand from one end of the world ( and who knows what he looked like, this world ), but in this story is missing a reference to the star. The justification of religious symbology, however, lies in the history of the first revelation of God to Muhammad, in a night in which the celestial phenomenon manifested itself. The use of pre-Islamic symbol, however, is historically testified, was a symbol associated with female deities at different times, from the Mesopotamian Ishtar to Greek Artemis to the Roman Diana. Byzantium itself was under the protection of the goddess Artemis, who according to legend had appeared in the form of a bright crescent in the sky at night when the people of the city was able to break the siege of Philip of Macedon by digging a tunnel, with the help of lunar illumination. The emperor Constantine in 330, to add the star as a symbol of Mary and devoted the city to the Virgin Mary. Which brings us to the Ottomans, who conquered the city in 1453, it maintained the emblem as a symbol of pagan symbol Islamic experienced widespread throughout the empire.
To date, however, the symbols of the Ottoman Turkish flag (and growing 5-pointed star) appear only once in the flag of Algeria, Mauritania and Tunisia. Corollary can be deduced that although the star and are counted in the growing Islamic symbolism, Tunisia and Algeria are the only Arab states to have them adopted in their national flag. It 'still can bind to the growing Arab world where it would play in the geographical sense of the so-called Fertile Crescent (which has objected to Turkey, with Cyprus to take the place of the 5-pointed star).
States which geographically make up this territory, however, to use their flag colors typically associated with the Arab Revolt (white, red and black horizontal bands) and are excluded from the calculation that you want to do here.
Il prototipo dell'attuale bandiera della Turchia (che i turchi chiamano ay yildiz , luna e stella) fu introdotta dal sultano Selim III nel 1793. Sin dal Medioevo, i turchi avevano utilizzato drappi rossi, senza alcun simbolo, ma fondamentalmente non era mai esistita una bandiera "ufficiale" dell'impero. E quella di Selim III, infatti, apparteneva originariamente alla marina ottomana. Il sultano cambiò lo sfondo da verde a rosso, ma la stella verrà aggiunta solo successivamente, nel 1844, ed avrà 8 punte che solo dopo diventeranno 5. Anche la stella ad 8 punte è un simbolo islamico: è chiamata Rub' al-Hizb ed è usata per la divisione coranica o per indicare la fine di un capitolo in calligrafia araba. La stella a 5 punte, invece, sta probabilmente a simboleggiare i 5 pilastri della religione islamica.
Sono numerose le bandiere che originano da quella turca. Qui sono state raggruppate in national flags, flags of non-sovereign autonomous entities of flags and flags of international organizations. The symbolism of course, occur. Green, for example, is the primary color of Islam (occasionally replaced by red). Another recurring color is blue-the color of Tamerlane and Mongol-turkish people in general. Was associated also to the god Tengri, the creator and patron of the Mongols that they called Lord of the sky blue.
Describing now the flags turkish-derived, I assume the explanation on the adoption of colors and symbols in the interpretation given so far, otherwise it will explain the possible alternative use.
National flags:
The current flag is that the government was in exile between 1958 and 1962 and with the ' independence from France became the flag of the Algerian state. The three colors (green, white and red), represented according to the historian M. Yahia the idea of \u200b\u200bunification between the three North African states of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
Azerbaijan 
The first flag of 1917 was identical to that of Turkey, except for the star with 8 points which is still present and is probably 8 people Turks (Azeris, Cumani, giagatai, Kazakhs, Turks, selgucidi, Tatar and Turkmen). According to the nationalist leader Ali Bey Hussein Zade, the blue represents the aspiration to Turkification, green and red Islamization modernization on the European model.
The flag is wholly derived from Turkish.
Stars and horizontal stripes represent the islands. In the previous flags, the increasing with the 4 stars was already there, usually on a red or green, in the penultimate version, camped on either side the names of Allah and Muhammad.
Green, as well as a symbol of Islamic piety, became the national color of Libya. The original of 1951, the foundation of the kingdom, had the stars and the increasing horizontal tricolor green, black (colors, respectively, of the flag Tripoli until the Italian occupation of 1912 and the flag of the Emirate of Cyrenaica, with both symbol and star of low to high) and red (representing the third region, the Fezzan). Today, the same flag, but in vertical strips, is adopted by the Pakistan Peoples Party. Next will be adopted the colors of the Arab Revolt and the symbols will be lost, and only in '77, the year after Gaddafi's Green Revolution, will be adopted the current flag.
Maldives 
former sultanate, the colors of the flag represent the blood shed by national heroes (red), and life, progress, prosperity (green).
Only the Islamic faith is growing. The star in this case, has as many points as the states of the federation, of which Singapore was originally part. In fact, the flag of Singapore is still kept growing stars (on a red and white banners in the colors fairly typical south Asian), but have lost their religious significance.
Mauritania 
Qui il verde dello sfondo e l'oro dei simboli incarnano una doppia identità: islamica ed africana (verde e giallo sono due colori della terna cromatica panafricana).
Come riportato nel sito del governo pakistano, lo spazio geometricamente occupato dai colori verde e bianco rappresenta rispettivamente la maggioranza mussulmana e le minoranze. Il crescente e la stella rappresentano anche progresso e conoscenza.
The white disk in the center is a symbol of the sun. The flag is clearly inspired by the Ottoman Empire, as was the will of the Bey of Tunis.
The band on the hoist side is formed by 5 mats (gul) for which the country and famous, probably a symbol of many tribes .
The growing use of reference here would be the rebirth of the nation (The first independent nation in Central Asia from the USSR), rather than to its Muslim majority. The 12 stars in star could represent the 12 oblasts in which the state is divided or sorted according to the calendar month Navruz. The blue refers to ethnicity as well as Turkish, even the vital importance of a resource such as water, among other things, that water is a highly topical and crucial issue for Uzbekistan, given the geographical position State and the project Kyrgyz Kambara 2, on the management of the River Syr Darya and in the past has even led the Government of Uzbekistan to threats of war towards the completion of the project.
Although not derived from the Turkish flag, the flag seems to mention the case of Morocco, whose meaning is easily intelligible in the light of what has been said, Solomon's seal red (star pentacle, a symbol of union between God and Country ) on a green background.
Flags of non-sovereign:
The 9 strips were emblematic of Turkic peoples in the region. While, as mentioned, the blue represents the world's pre-Islamic and Mongol-turkish orange and the Uyghurs.
Added for completeness, because although color and texture of the flag are those of the Arab Revolt, the moon stands at the center and the Islamic star.
Flags di entità autonome:
Come descritto nel sito ufficiale del governo dell'entità autonoma dell'Azad Kashmir, i 3/4 dello sfondo verde rappresentano il 75% della popolazione musulmana; il restante quarto arancione (talvota oro) rappresenta il 25% composto dalle minoranze del paese. Le strisce ne descrivono l'orografia: verdi come le valli, bianche come le cime innevate.
Bandiere di Organizzazioni Internazionali:
curious that none of the Member States have the crescent (in this case without star) on its flag national.
As evidence, however, the Ottoman and Arab character of symbols, is the fact that there have also been used in the territories of the former, look to the cases of the rebel Bosnian flag in 1830, then adopted as the national independence in 1878
or the flag of Egypt under British protectorate (1914-1922)
and that of the Kingdom of Egypt (1922).
It 's interesting that during the Egyptian uprising for independence in 1919 saw the flag adopted by the movement joined the growing Islamic extremism and the Christian cross: crisitani Copts and Muslims were united not only ideally but figuratively under the same flag in the name of national independence.
But if the rising star and are widely recognized as emblems del'Islam, come mai nè il teocratico Iran nè l'Arabia Saudita, che ospita ben due città sante, ne hanno traccia sulle loro bandiere? La risposta è che, trattandosi di simboli pre-islamici, vengono rifiutati perché sostanzialmente pagani. A sopperire, simboli ed iscrizioni di diverso genere testimoniano comunque l'incrollabile devozione per Allah.
Da notare, curiosamente, che comunque il fenomeno astronomico, così come rappresentato sulle bandiere, sarebbe impossibile ad osservarsi: se immaginaniamo il crescente come parte del disco lunare intero, la stella è così vicina da essere praticamente sul disco, quindi spazialmente e prospetticamente davanti ad esso, tra il satellite e la Terra.
To date, however, the symbols of the Ottoman Turkish flag (and growing 5-pointed star) appear only once in the flag of Algeria, Mauritania and Tunisia. Corollary can be deduced that although the star and are counted in the growing Islamic symbolism, Tunisia and Algeria are the only Arab states to have them adopted in their national flag. It 'still can bind to the growing Arab world where it would play in the geographical sense of the so-called Fertile Crescent (which has objected to Turkey, with Cyprus to take the place of the 5-pointed star).
States which geographically make up this territory, however, to use their flag colors typically associated with the Arab Revolt (white, red and black horizontal bands) and are excluded from the calculation that you want to do here.
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| Il crescente e la stella nella geografia della Mezzaluna fertile |
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| L'attuale bandiera della Turchia |
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| La bandiera dell'Impero Ottomano con la stella a 8 punte |
Describing now the flags turkish-derived, I assume the explanation on the adoption of colors and symbols in the interpretation given so far, otherwise it will explain the possible alternative use.
National flags:
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Northern Cyprus
Comoros
Libya
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| The flag of the Kingdom of Libya in 1951 |
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| The flag of Tripoli until 1912 |
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| The flag of the emir of Cyrenaica |
Maldives
Malaysia
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| The flag of Singapore |
Mauritania
Pakistan
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Morocco
Flags of non-sovereign:
East Turkestan
Islamic Republic of Turkestan (1921-1924)
Turkmeneli Iraqi
Western Sahara
Flags di entità autonome:
Azad Kashmir
Bandiere di Organizzazioni Internazionali:
Organizzazione della Conferenza Islamic
Arab League
As evidence, however, the Ottoman and Arab character of symbols, is the fact that there have also been used in the territories of the former, look to the cases of the rebel Bosnian flag in 1830, then adopted as the national independence in 1878
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| La bandiera dell'Iran |
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| La bandiera dell'Arabia Saudita |
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